Fan.



H. F. HAGEN.

FAN.

APPLICATION FILED mms. 1913.

1 1 99, 37 5 Patented Sept. 26, t 1916.

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I aI/1,1301, We@ mi f' II. FfHAGEN. FAN.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I3, I9I3. 1,199,375. Patented Sept. 26, 1916.

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HAROLD F. HAGEN, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE GREEN FUELECONOMIZER COMPANY, OF MATTEAWAN, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

FAN.

Maaate.

Specification of Letters Patent.

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Application led January 13, 1913. Serial No. 741,718.

Jersey City, New Jersey, have invented cer-.

tain new and useful Improvements in Fans, of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.

The invention which constitutes the subject matter of this applicationrelates to improvements in fans, compressors, pumps and other kindredapparatuses.

Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 shows a view partly in cross sectionof one application of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view in side elevationof an impeller blade and the hub upon which it is mounted. Fig. 3 is afront view of the impeller blade and at right angles to the view shownin Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a top view of the blade and at right angles to theview shown in Fig. 3.

The invention consists essentially in the form of the yimpeller bladesor vanes for imparting motion and energy to the fluid and in thecombination of the form of blades and the housing specially designedtherefor.

The impeller serves to lead the fluid therethrough in accordance withthe theory of stream line flow and to direct the Huid from said bladesin a substantially conical direction, but the receiver for the fluid maytake any desired form, such as a diffuser, or be omitted entirely whereit is desired to discharge into large open spaces.

Referring to the drawings in detail the character A represents a shaftupon which the hub B is secured by any suitable means. In the particularconstruction showua supporting base C is employed which 1s provided witha bearing D for the shaft A and also supports the suction ring iE. Uponthe hub B are located my novel form of blades F the character Gdesignating the path through which the blades are swept when the hub isrotated. To the suction ring E is secured by means of nuts and bolts Hthe outer wall I of a diffuser. The inner wall K of the diffuser issupported from the outer struction as any diffuser which may be said tobe substantially conical may be used. In fact the blades are so`designed that they will receive without shock and progressively impartenergy to fluid particles traveling in the parabolic stream lines and itis very apparent that if the cost of manufacture be not prohibitive thepreferred construction of the Walls of the fan, whenever used, would becongruent pa-rabolas. The best efficiencies are attained, however,whenever the walls, whether co-axial conical members or co-axial memberscurved in the same direction, approach or are inclined towardl said hub.

The hub B andsuction ring E constitute what is ordinarily termed thedistributer. The curved surface forming the inside of the suction ringand the curved surface of the hub are preferably made tangent to theextreme parabolic stream lines so as to induce a parabolic fiow of thefluid particles previous to their entering the impeller. lVhile this isthe preferred construction of the hub and suction ring, practicalconsideration may necessitate the formation of the entrance and suctionpart of the fan somewhat arbitrarily to suit the different purposes towhich the apparatus may be applied.

I will now describe -my novel form of blades F which may be used with orwithout a diffuser and which operate with great efficiency in blowingair into or exhausting air from large open spaces and for otherpurposes. The first type of blade surface is determined by assuming theair to fiow on cones which are arranged lbetween the suction ring andthe hub in accordance with the general theory of lstream line flow.` Onthese cones are plotted 'the relative trajectories of the air particlesconforming to the principle of an equal amount of energy in the sametime with respect to the forward motion of the fluid particles; that isto say, for the purpose of determining the simultaneous positions of thevarious particles of the fluid only the radial and the axial componentsof the Huid velocities are considered, or in other words for thedetermination a section made by a plane; through the axis is the onlyview necessary and this view` is considered to represent the whole 360or any portion thereof. The second type of blade surface has a constantfinal angle as described below; the entrance edge is 'shock free and theexit edge delivering the air from all points with a constant energycontent, and the trajectories are plotted to conform to this principle.ln either case if a sufficient number of these cones, say 5 or l0,depending upon the size of the fam-are assumed and the correcttrajectory drawn on each one a smooth curve may be swept through thepoints of equal energy. This process gives a blade which is correctthroughout its whole extent.

ln order to more clearly elucidate the 'character of my invention l willnow discuss the same mathematically. The following equation:

is the formula for a parabola where C and D are constants, w the aXialdistance from an origin and ,r the radial distance. This equation isarrived at from the underlying principles of the theory of whirl-freestream line motion. By regarding Kas a parameter and assigning to itdifferent values the equation may be considered to'represent a family ofcongruent paraboles. Any two of these parabolas may` be taken as thelimiting walls of the fan whichl providea passage free from whirlingmotion. ltcan be readily shown from .the stream line theory that thetime taken by a particle in travel ing through this passage is afunction of fr. By assuming thatthe energy imparted t0 this particularparticle is also a function of ,fr we get a blade which imparts to everyparticle an equal amount of energy in the same time. Substituting valuesin accord ance with our equation of stream line flow,'

and the principle of equal simultaneous energy, in the well knowndifferential equation we have, by integrating the equation, theintersection of the blade surface with the surface of revolutiongenerated by that stream line whose parameter is K, giving Equation 2:

This is the equation which l have derived giving the value of angle (asin polar coordinates) of the projection of the intersection abovereferred to on a plane perpendicular to the shaft or axis. This angle isthen plotted with a radial distance r as determined from equation l bytaking =to the X used in evaluating this particular angle (El fromequation 1. Projecting the point thus found to a line in what iscommonly called the profile view whose abscissa is the same gives thelocation of the point in two views.

meegaat t is a constant such that w? is the Work done per pound of air;wz'angular velocity; gzgravitational acceleration; wlza distance suchthat m1-:roza constant and marks the limit of the blade at that point.D. and C. are constants taken from Equation l, and K is the arbitraryparameter. By repeating the solution of this equation assigningdifferent values to K the blade surface may be delineated with anyrequired degree of accuracy. It is evident from the congruent nature ofthe stream lines thatl these curves may be displaced axially and in.addition may be rotated through any angle either individually orcollectively. This allows the extrance edge of the blade to be assumedarbitrarily to give a form of blade that may be best adapted to highspeeds or other governing conditions.' (However, the entrance edge oftheblade is preferably assumed orthogonal to the stream lines of flow inorder that the blade surface may be approximately perpendicular to thedirection of the acceleration desired.

The distinctive feature of a blade de signed in accordance with theprinciple of my invention for conical flow is that the angulardisplacement of the blade increases with an increasing radius; and byangular displacement in this instance l mean the angle as this terni isunderstood in connection with the ordinary polar coordinates ofanalytical geometry; that is the angle el as used in Equation 2. lnaddition ll have devised a modified form of blade using this Ysameequation. Diminishing the value Xl-Yio decreases the angle tl andincreasing X1* X0 increases the angle For the different curves atdierent radii as provided for by a change in K dierent values Xl--Xo aretaken so that `the inal value of 1@ may be substantially constantthroughout the whole extent of the blade. It is-evident in this casethat XIe-X0 decreases with an increasing K. With this change this bladesurface is plotted in the same manner as the former one. This latterform is used for Very high speeds, preferably when the constants aresuch that theyrequired change in XIe-X0 is comparatively small so thatthe principle of equal energy in an equal time with respect to theforward motion of the air is approximately adhered to.

Such a fan provided with the design of blades above described may beused for high speeds such as are natural to electric motors or steamturbines, so that the fan may be directly connected to these sources ofpower and still give low or moderate pressures with a large volume andgood eiiiciency. Furthermore by making the diuser sufficiently long, soas to recover the rotative energy, these impellers may be used to givehigh pressures.l By mounting two or more impellers'on the same shaft,with stationary blades of conoidal or cylindrical shape be-l tween themor in the suction or delivery passage, still higher pressures may beobtained.

It is also apparent that an impeller of this type may be advantageouslyemployed in connection With the common spiral housing Where it isdesirable that the delivery can be connected to a pipe.

Other uses, other than those` mentioned, will obviously be suggested andit is therefore understood that I do not limit myself to those usesabove enumerated., Furthermore changes may be made in point of detailand other blades designed in vsubstantial accordance with my inventionWithout departing from its true spirit and scope.

y What I claim is: Y

l. A conical flow fan, comprising a distributer, the inner curvedsurfaces of which are lsubstantially tangent to the extreme parabolicstream lines of the fluid, in combination With an impeller provided withWarped surface blades which impart en-` ergy to fluid particlestraveling.' in the said parabolic stream lines, substantially asvdescribed.

2. A conical flow fan comprising a distributer, the inner curvedsurfaces of which are substantially tangent to the extreme parabolicstream lines of the fluid, in combination with an impeller provided Withblades, the angular displacement of which relative to the axis of saidimpeller increases with an increasing radius, substantially asdescribed. v

3. A conical flow fan comprising an impeller provided with blades, theangular displacement of which relative to the axis of the impellerincreases with an increasing radius, substantially as described.

4. A conical flow fan comprising an impeller 'provided with blades soshaped that the ratio of the axial distance to the angular displacementrelative to the axis of the impeller decreases with an increasingradius.

5. An impeller provided with a blade or vane the acting surface of whichis so formed that the lines of intersection of it with a plurality ofimaginary cones Whose axes coincide with the axis of the impeller, the`elements of which lines of intersection are points in the trajectoriesof air particles moving approximately in the surfaces of the respectivecones, are curves predetermined with the radius of curvature of eachdecreasing 1n the dlrectlon of flow and increasing for correspondingpoints in the portions of the total lengths of the lines of intersectionin which they respectively lie, said corresponding points being pointsof equal energy imparted to the air particles and connected by smoothcurves, Which with the respectivel trajectories determine the bladesurface.

6. A conica-l flow fan adapted to parabolic stream line flow comprisingan impeller provided With blades, the entrance edge of each of which issubstantially orthogonal to the stream lines entering the same, thesurfaces of said blades being warped to progressively impart energy toand move the fluid particles from the point of entrance thereto to thepoint of exit therefrom, substantially as described.

'7. A conical flow fan comprising an impeller provided with blades thesurfaces of which are so curved that the radius of curvature of theintersection of the blade and a cylinder co-axial with the center lineof the shaft of the impeller decreases continually from the entranceedge to the delivery edge of the blade whereby energy is progressivelyimparted to the fluid particles traveling in stream linesv and wherebysaid iuid particles are discharged in the form of a co-ne from the pathof said blades and in stream lines which diverge from the axis of thefan.

8. A conical flow fan comprising an impeller provided with blades thesurfaces of which are substantially helical with a pitch thatcontinuously increases axially and con-4 tinuously decreases radiallywhereby energy is progressively imparted to the fluid particles and thesaid fluid particles are moved from a. point of entrance thereto to thepoint of exit ktherefrom in parabolic stream lines. substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in the presence of tivosubscribing Witnesses.

` HAROLD F. HAGEN.

Witnesses:

WM. BOHLEBER, M. LAWSON DYER.

